Mar 22, 2016 · 93 Maori Tattoo Designs for Men. by — Brian Cornwell. Published on March 22, 2016. Updated on January 12, 2024. Tā moko, aka the traditional body art of the indigenous people of New Zealand. The taonga, or treasure, holds a special meaning for each individual bearing ink. Originally, the Moko gave insight to a man’s tribal affiliation and ...Updated on September 26, 2023. Tree Tattoos. Traditionally, tree tattoos symbolize knowledge, growth and wisdom. Other representation of the tree in body art includes: nourishment, immortality, fertility and freedom. There are many reasons to opt for a tree tattoo, ranging from cultural values to a preferred aesthetic.They are also the most popular part of the body to get tattoos, so it is no surprise that many of the men and women who serve in the military choose to get ink on their arms. 4. Bicep Military Tattoos. The bicep has long been a popular spot for tattoos for a few reasons.To really connect with God, just get a feel for today’s finest Jesus tattoos with our spiritual assortment below. 1. American Traditional Jesus Tattoos. There are a number of ways in which one of the most known religious icons can be depicted in art, which includes being eternally engraved on one’s skin.Get unique, creative tattoo ideas in seconds with our AI. TattooGenius.Art. Home; Pricing Recently Created Sign in; Create your next tattoo masterpiece Welcome to our tattoo generator, powered by AI technology. You can transform your ideas into one-of-a-kind tattoo designs in mere seconds. Bring your tattoo vision to life instantly10 Small Samurai Tattoo Design Ideas 1. Leg Samurai Tattoo Design Image Source: @tristvn_ttt. Knee or leg tattoos are usually quite common among guys. If you're someone who loves to show off your legs you will enjoy this idea. Black ink is the best choice for this simple art.These designs demonstrate just how stunning forest inspired tattoos can look on the legs. 7. Forest Back Pieces. The back is a popular place for tattoos, namely because of its size. The back is the single largest canvas on the body and because of this it is most commonly used for large tattoos.Owl Tattoo. The owl tattoo is a design that symbolizes wisdom, knowledge, prosperity and luck. You can feature a small owl in your sleeve or create a large unique piece on your arm, shoulder, chest or back. This artwork can be complemented by the moon, trees, branches, vivid colors in the eyes and detailed shading.The side leg tattoo isn’t always thought of, but it’s another good spot with plenty of space to bring tattoo designs to life. The side of the thigh can work nicely as a placement that’s easy to cover up, while the side of the lower leg is a little more difficult thanks to the natural shape of the calf muscles. Half Leg Sleeve TattoosDevil Ronaldo Men’s Leg Tattoo. This football-playing devil tattoo has much in common with the photogenic superstar Christiano Ronaldo. The artist chose a bright red color for the imp, then layers in details with black ink. The clever use of white ink adds another dimension, helping finish the design. IG: 85tattooer.Women’s patchwork tattoos consist of elements that are smaller than those used in men’s designs. Also, girls prefer to get such ideas on their arms and legs, forming a full or half-sleeve tattoo. It is important to note that such designs take a long time. So, a full sleeve may require from 5 to 10 sessions, depending on the style.You can go for animal-based tattoos like lion tattoos for men or phoenix tattoos for men. You can roll with a full tribal tattoo for men if you want a lot of black ink. You can even go for a panoramic tattoo design on the upper leg or calf, a style which is usually reserved for the back area. Check out these best leg tattoos for men, which ...How do you make traditionally stuffy river cruising appeal to a younger, hipper crowd? Bring in the drag queens and tattoo artists, of course. How do you make traditionally stuffy ...If you are interested to get a Viking tattoo on leg, the Norse tattoos are the ideal tattoo design for you. This is one of those Viking lower leg tattoo designs that is sure to grab the attention of many. The tattoo depicted here is a helm of awe tattoo which is traditionally known as Aegishjalmur. This badass Viking leg tattoo has an in-depth ...200+ Traditional Japanese Sleeve Tattoo Designs For Men (2024) Dragon, Tiger, Flower. Angelina Weisz. April 22, 2024. Guys. Japanese sleeve tattoo designs are popular than any other sleeve variations. Japan has a very rich history of tattooing. The art of Irezumi (traditional Japanese tattoo) is traced back to 10000 BC. The world has always ...Warrior. This type of tattoo depicts the Vikings themselves. Apparently, in every image, there are details that we associate with these people: a long beard, a stern look, and a helmet with horns. Such designs often symbolize a person’s seriousness and self-confidence.Small leg tattoo design. A small leg tattoo design for men can be a beautifully discreet yet impactful way to express oneself. The leg sleeve tattoo offers a versatile canvas for a myriad of designs, from delicate floral patterns to intricate geometric shapes or minimalist symbols.. Whether nestled behind the ankle, adorning the side of the calf, or peeking out from the top of the foot, a ...23. Wolf With Rose Tattoo. This design is great for guys who aren’t afraid to get in touch with their feminine side. Wolf with rose tattoos suits a variety of different styles and can reflect ...50+ Leg Sleeve Tattoo Design Ideas. Now that you know how to choose the perfect tattoo for your leg and where to place it, let’s look at some of the most popular designs. 1. Full Leg Tattoo. Image Source: Instagram. Image Source: Instagram.You could show that you are not to be messed with. 4. Angel Wings Half Sleeve Tattoo. An angel wings tattoo is one of the most popular choices for both men and women. It is a deeply symbolic piece associated with the balance between heaven and earth. Angels can also represent faith, guidance, goodness, and protection.1. Black Rose Tattoo. Roses are often used as signs of romantic love and passion, but when the classic colors are swapped for a darker palette, the meaning usually changes too. Whether they ...A typical tribal design tattoo with the face of a tribal chief inked on the design. This type of design incorporates thick angular lines and is inspired by tribal and Polynesian cultures. This is a great design for half sleeve tattoos for guys. The virgin Mary is a very popular religious design tattoo.Brightly colored or handsomely subdued, these Elk tattoo ideas are your timeless reminder that you will never tread that path alone, nor allow another to walk unprotected. Discover one of the largest species of the deer family with the top 90 best elk tattoo ideas for men. Explore cool Cervidae animal and hunter designs.Zeus, the God of the sky, thunder, and lightning, is often a favored choice for Greek mythology tattoos. A well-executed tattoo can feature striking details and symbols, like Zeus's associated animal, the eagle. The design could focus solely on Zeus or be expanded to include other figures like Hera, Hades, or Poseidon.Nov 9, 2022 - Black Male Leg Tattoos - Choosing a Design If you're a man of color, there are some benefits to getting a black male leg. Nov 9, 2022 - Black Male Leg Tattoos - Choosing a Design If you're a man of color, there are some benefits to getting a black male leg ... Best men's tattoo trends and designs 2024 20 ideas - mens-club.online.Good morning, Quartz readers! Good morning, Quartz readers! Central bankers talk monetary policy. Policymakers, economists, and others gather in Jackson Hole, Wyoming for the close...Apr 22, 2021 - Explore Sauce's board "Leg Tattoos", followed by 668 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about leg tattoos, tattoos, cool tattoos.One study from 2017 found that, on average, the sweat rate of tattooed skin was about half that of plain skin. Plus, getting a tattoo likely requires a little bit of recovery time, so timing is ...60 Best Half Sleeve Tattoo for Men. 1. Half Sleeve Tattoo. You don't have to go all the way up your arm to wow a crowd. A half sleeve tattoo is an ideal option for those who wish to conceal the artwork for the office or a formal event but aren't afraid to let it out when the time is right.3. Half Leg Sleeve Tattoo. Half leg sleeve tattoo is a great option when you want to tell a story in a circular way, yet lack space on your arms (or want it more hidden). Many Celtic tattoo designs are used in this way, cyber sigilsm tattoos, or tribal tattoos as well as realism on many different topics. 4.This tattoo design is very creative in the way that the wearer has used a cracking heart instead of an egg to show the release/ liberation of the winged creature inside. The wing seems to be coming out of the heart. This tattoo is ideal to be made on the leg and thigh as well. Embossed Wing Tattoo Design on.Warrior. This type of tattoo depicts the Vikings themselves. Apparently, in every image, there are details that we associate with these people: a long beard, a stern look, and a helmet with horns. Such designs often symbolize a person's seriousness and self-confidence.50 Traditional Leg Tattoos for Men. Covering the lower portion of the body from the upper thigh down, leg tattoos are a spectacular way to showcase your movable gallery. Like the arm, the lower leg is an accommodating canvas for your sleeve or freestanding tattoo of choice, with a cacophony of designs to choose from.There are four reasons why the calf is the perfect place for a tattoo: The calf is one of the least painful areas of your body to tattoo. There is a lot of space on the calf, so you can have an extensive and intricate piece of art. A tattoo accentuates and draws attention to well-shaped, muscular calves.In this article, I’ll delve into the significance of these tattoos, which were once a symbol of belonging, and how their styles have evolved, often covering large areas of the body. Whether you’re considering your first or next tattoo, I’ll guide you through 101 stunning tribal tattoo designs, drawing inspiration from Polynesia, Samoa ...This has always been the lion tattoo’s main draw. Lion is best for tribal tattoo designs for men half sleeve. If you are looking for more ideas for half sleeve tattoos, you can also look at –. Half Sleeve Tattoo Ideas For Men Lower Arm. Koi Fish Half Sleeve Tattoo. Beautiful Woman Half Sleeve Tattoo Ideas.Discover the 70 pine tree tattoo ideas for men with cool wilderness and wood designs. ... Leg Pine Tree Tattoos. 9. Foot Pine Tree Tattoos. 10. Elbow Pine Tree Tattoos. 11. More Pine Tree Tattoo Ideas. More Must-Read Articles / Style. A 2024 Guide to Groom's Wedding Attire May 22, 2024Men's Tattoos. Mal Lee. April 28, 2023. ... Half Tiger Face Tattoo. ... Leg Tiger Tattoo . Fierce big cat or small cute cub, the leg is a perfect skin canvas. Calf, ...Spartan Tattoo Meaning. Power and Authority. Spartan tattoos symbolize power. These men behind the masks were some of the most powerful warriors ever to pick up a sword. Those stories still stand the test of time. Spartan tattoos can be a great reminder of the power we possess within. Honor.Whether you chose calf, shin, or quadricep, your artist will be able to make a cohesive statement with a design that speaks to who you are or ties in your other ink in a perfect balance of impressive art. See more about - Top 96+ Best Cool Simple Tattoos. From the calf to shin and quadriceps, discover the top 51 best simple leg tattoos.Updated on January 9, 2024. Dragon Tattoos Leg Tattoos. For the ink connoisseur, nothing makes a bolder statement than a beautifully inked rendition of a majestic and powerful dragon. From the fire-breathing and fierce, to the colorful and serene, these hot-blooded creatures are favorite images for those who have fierce and …Flowers have been a popular design choice for tattoos for centuries, with each flower symbolizing different meanings and emotions. However, choosing the right flower for your tatto...Leg tattoos for Men. Men that have leg tattoos will almost always have tattoos on both legs including leg pieces, scattered tattoos, leg sleeves or half sleeves. Common leg …Men’s Blackwork Goblin Half-Sleeve Tattoo. This blackwork goblin half-sleeve tattoo uses tremendous detail in linework and stipple shading to make a forbidding yet fragile beastie. The application uses a brilliant melding of black elements to create beautiful lines and patterns, deep shadows, and layers of detail.Dive into the depths of creativity and find the perfect piece that resonates with your spirit. 🌊 . 1. Vibrant Jungle Theme Half Sleeve Tattoo Ideas for Left Arm. 2. Celestial Solar System Themed Half Sleeve Tattoos for the Right Arm. 3. Norse Mythology Inspired Half Sleeve Tattoo Designs for Left Arm. 4.Calf, shin, ankle, or full leg, these tiger tattoo designs are easy to cover up, a plus for men working in a professional environment. @adamblakeytattoos / Instagram 46.The thin blue line and skulls work spectacularly in the American Traditional style when combined with roses and the US flag to create a powerfully symbolic piece. 3. Black and Gray Thin Blue Line Tattoos. The most prominent part of a thin blue line piece should be the line. This is best achieved through black and gray.Summary - Top 5 Cross Tattoo Designs. Well, there you have it, folks! We've journeyed through a kaleidoscope of 101 cross tattoo designs for men, exploring the length and breadth of options from the bicep to the chest, and even the nape of the neck.93 Crow Tattoo Designs for Men. by — Brian Cornwell. Published on May 31, 2016. Updated on January 12, 2024. Bird Tattoos. Crow tattoos may be the most symbolic creations that mankind has ever seen. These birds possess unbelievable swagger, especially when you consider their occult connotations. Every mysterious man can exemplify his shadowy ...Explore a collection of bold and masculine leg tattoo ideas that are perfect for men. Discover unique designs and styles to showcase your individuality and express your personal style with confidence.Realistic Black and Gray Jesus Tattoo on Arm. Black and Gray style is perfect for rendering realistic tattoos. It allows for the use of fine lines, contrast and shading. These separate components combine to achieve 3D which is of course a must for a realistic portrait.Jun 26, 2017 · 53 Badass Tribal Tattoos for Men. Each Tribal tattoo idea tells of ancestors or invokes powerful symbolic meaning for the wearer’s individual personality, their tribe and larger society. From a microscopic Polynesian Island to the jungles of South America, tribal tattoos denote strength and protection, pride, power, and the representation of ...10. Stomach and Side Animal Tattoos. In recent years the side of the body has become a more popular location to get tattoos for a few reasons. First of all, the side of the torso is a large canvas; depending on the proportions of the individual, often times the torso is only surpassed by the back for available skin.Enjoy these men's leg tattoo ideas and leg sleeve tattoos for women with unique meanings and designs. Bored Panda works better on our iPhone app . ... Beneath a Pirate Ship Half Leg Sleeve Tattoo for Men. mistertroshin Report. 216 points. POST. A B C. A B C. Community Member • Follow Unfollow. 5 years ago. Created by potrace 1.15, written by ...Yes, your tongue can be tattooed. Once you've digested that, find out if your food still tastes the same with an inked tongue at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Tattoos have come a lo...Warrior. This type of tattoo depicts the Vikings themselves. Apparently, in every image, there are details that we associate with these people: a long beard, a stern look, and a helmet with horns. Such designs often symbolize a person's seriousness and self-confidence.Find and save ideas about mens full leg sleeve tattoo on Pinterest.Feb 21, 2017 · 2. Half Sleeve Filipino Tribal Tattoos . Traditionally, many Filipino tribal tattoos started on the arms and spread across the body as the warrior who bore them aged and achieved more status. But the arm was often the first part of the whole canvas, which is why the half-sleeve Filipino tribal tattoo is still such a popular design.Jan 24, 2021 - Explore Cole Nelson's board "men's leg tattoos" on Pinterest. See more ideas about tattoos, leg tattoos, sleeve tattoos. Pinterest. Today. Watch. Shop. Explore. ... Half Sleeve Tattoos For Guys. Cool Tattoos For Guys. Best Sleeve Tattoos. Top 100 Best Sleeve Tattoos for Men [2024 Inspiration Guide] Arm Tattoos For Guys.Flowers are a symbol of beauty and femininity. An impressive leg tattoo with flowers, such as jasmine, lotus, or wildflower, covering your ankle or calf is an art form. You can choose your favourite flower and decorate it with multiple colours. 2. Watercolour feathers.22. Sand Clock Tattoo. A sand clock tattoo makes for a great stand-alone tattoo or an addition to a sleeve. Sand clocks are usually done in a traditional style and dressed up with flowers, wings ...8. Lion Clock Tattoo. The lion is considered the king of the jungle, a powerful and respected beast. It is an animal associated with courage and strength, and a tattoo of this big cat could also represent the wearer's ability to overcome a struggle.A beautifully executed mix of geometric patterns forms a breathtaking sleeve tattoo.There’s great breadth in the tattoo artist’s technical mix. The lower half of the tattoo is pure linework in 3D partitioned off by a clean black line. This divider morphs into a pentagonal-based design of dark gray and black ink; it splits between two cleverly …All spiders have eight legs. Spiders also possess a pair of shorter limbs called the pedipalps, that in males serve as sex organs. Spider legs contain seven distinct segments.For some men and women, American flag tattoos are emblems of military service, or of selflessness and sacrifice that comes with being a part of the red, white and blue. Others admire the symbol as simply a tribute to their homeland and country - a visual reminder of what the United States means to them. If you have a strong sense of ...Dive into the depths of creativity and find the perfect piece that resonates with your spirit. 🌊 . 1. Vibrant Jungle Theme Half Sleeve Tattoo Ideas for Left Arm. 2. Celestial Solar System Themed Half Sleeve Tattoos for the Right Arm. 3. Norse Mythology Inspired Half Sleeve Tattoo Designs for Left Arm. 4.This has always been the lion tattoo's main draw. Lion is best for tribal tattoo designs for men half sleeve. If you are looking for more ideas for half sleeve tattoos, you can also look at -. Half Sleeve Tattoo Ideas For Men Lower Arm. Koi Fish Half Sleeve Tattoo. Beautiful Woman Half Sleeve Tattoo Ideas.Endless Knot With Ivy Vine Tattoo On Man Left Shoulder. Fantastic Ivy Vine Tattoo Design For Men Forearm. Green Ivy Vine Tattoo On Leg. Grey Ink Ivy Vine Tattoo Design For Men. Ivy Flowers Vine Tattoo On Man Left Half Sleeve. Ivy Vine Tattoo Design For Men Ankle. Ivy Vine Tattoo Design For Men Side Rib. Simple Black Ivy Vine Tattoo Design For ...Best leg tattoo placements Ideas for men and their meanings. Forearm tattoos for men might be the most popular placement there is, but the leg is a large canvas, which means you have plenty of space to work with when it comes to tattoo designs. Here are some of the most popular leg tattoo placement ideas and meanings for men: Half-leg tattoos ...Men's Legs Tattoo Ideas. These days, one of the most unpopular, and at the same time, underestimated place for tattoo is leg. Only few understand the full value of this …Delicate Black and Gray Skeleton, Flowers and Butterfly Forearm Tattoo. The softness of this tattoo makes it ideal for men and women, neutral if you will. I love the use of solid black in the leaves and between the ribs, it adds depth which is needed for a design like this. The placement on the forearm is also a lovely choice because it flows ...See more about - The Ultimate List of Top 137+ Best Sleeve Tattoo Ideas. 1. Abstract Leg Tattoo Sleeve Ideas. Characterized by bold lines and vibrant colors, American and neo-traditional tattoos can be effectively utilized to create excellent full leg sleeves.1. Photo Realism Lion Sleeve Tattoos. Lions are bold, strong, and confident, and by extension, must exude a similar sensation of theme when being sported in ink. Photorealism is then the most ideal choice in style to get as close as possible to have a photograph of a lion on your skin.If you are interested to get a Viking tattoo on leg, the Norse tattoos are the ideal tattoo design for you. This is one of those Viking lower leg tattoo designs that is sure to grab the attention of many. The tattoo depicted here is a helm of awe tattoo which is traditionally known as Aegishjalmur. This badass Viking leg tattoo has an in-depth ...The negative space is used cleverly by becoming the body of the Emerald Isle, and supported by intense black shading to give it extra border detail. 3. Celtic Knotwork. This Irish tattoo is a simply expressed black ink Celtic Knot. The Celtic Knot symbolizes interconnection and eternity by using one continuous line.Endowing a talented tattoo artist with creative freedom may be your opportunity to have a fascinating, one of a kind portrayal of the sea. 1. Colored Ocean Sleeve Tattoos. 2. Leg Ocean Sleeve Tattoos. 3. Black Ocean Sleeve Tattoos.The gastrocnemius, which is the largest and most visible calf muscle, has two heads giving the illusion of a diamond-like shape. However, all science aside, I'd like to share with you a collection of 51 incredible calf tattoos for men. From full sleeves to smaller artwork that's sure to impress, you'll discover a wide range of quality ...47 Mechanic Tattoos for Men. The technology behind tattoos has reached godly new heights, and mechanical ink is capable of elevating machismo mystique in any guy. These steam-punk, bio mechanical, and cyborg masterpieces are the pinnacle of manly body art! There are endless old adages that compare men to machines when they are at their best ...How Much Do American Tattoos Cost. Usually, a medium tag costs $80 to $200, a large tattoo $300 to $1,200, and full sleeve tattoos cost more than $1,500. However, these are general estimations. Every tattoo design will have different cost that your artist will charge.57 Phoenix Tattoo Designs for Men. Ancient writings have long claimed this legendary bird has lived for 1,400 years. However, you'll be even more surprised to know that it regenerated into a new life right after combusting in flames to death. If you were to explore ancient and medieval literature, you'd discover numerous mentions of the ...See more about - The Top 135 Best Tattoo Ideas for Men. 1. Beautiful Leg Tattoo Ideas in Black and Gray. A black and gray leg tattoo idea can showcase an tattoo artist’s attention to detail as well as precision linework and shading. Devoid of color, these designs have fewer tricks to distract the eye if the drawing isn’t solid and the ...A beautifully executed mix of geometric patterns forms a breathtaking sleeve tattoo.There's great breadth in the tattoo artist's technical mix. The lower half of the tattoo is pure linework in 3D partitioned off by a clean black line. This divider morphs into a pentagonal-based design of dark gray and black ink; it splits between two cleverly different cube-based motifs.Women Half Leg Tattoo (1 - 60 of 91 results) Price ($) Any price Under $10 $10 to $25 $25 to $50 ... Dark Geisha Body Art Black Arm or Leg Tattoo Men or Women Unisex Stickers (13) $ 12.95. Add to Favorites Butterfly Temporary Tattoos. Colorful Butterflies. Wear as Back Tattoo, Thigh Tattoo or as a Cute Half Sleeve Tattoo. ...Sep 30, 2015 · The gastrocnemius, which is the largest and most visible calf muscle, has two heads giving the illusion of a diamond-like shape. However, all science aside, I’d like to share with you a collection of 51 incredible calf tattoos for men. From full sleeves to smaller artwork that’s sure to impress, you’ll discover a wide range of quality ...Try a Temporary Tattoo. Many people get half-leg tattoos that cover their entire upper legs or lower legs. These tattoos can usually be perfect with Hawaiian tribal or traditional tattoo designs. The geometric patterns of these designs of tattoos cover the legs properly. The picture above is a half-leg design of a Hawaiian tribal tattoo.43. I don't think it's a good idea to add the name of a dead president to your heaven tattoo design. 44. If you have a mix up of both stairway to heaven and heaven's gate tattoo design then do not add the gate just before stairway. 45. Mary, Mother Of Jesus, is also very popular among tattoo lovers.The reason for that is because the bone is closer to the skin, and there is no fat tissue to take in pain. Personal opinion: I suggest you choose a small model first and see how you handle the pain and create the full tattoo as you go. 6. Dragon Leg Tattoo. Image Source: Instagram.The general sensitivity of the area, in addition to the thin skin and proximity to bone, makes chest tattoos high on the tattoo pain chart. But it is a great way to keep special ink close to your heart at all times. 11. Shoulder Patchwork Tattoos. Shoulder tattoos are one of the most popular locations for body art.This tattoo is a one of a kind design for a male Gemini. It features two women facing each other, with one facing up, and the other down. It is a black and gray piece that has a lot of detail. The Gemini astrological sign is incorporated on a medallion which drapes over one of the woman's hair, being attached to a chain.Summary - Top 5 Cross Tattoo Designs. Well, there you have it, folks! We've journeyed through a kaleidoscope of 101 cross tattoo designs for men, exploring the length and breadth of options from the bicep to the chest, and even the nape of the neck.Try a Temporary Tattoo. Men who are a fan of larger designs will enjoy similar tattoo ideas! Get this Kraken tattoo over your entire back if you are a fan of attention-seeking pieces. Also, know that it will take some time for this Kraken tattoo to come to ''life''. Be ready to spend 10+ hours in the studio. 4. Blue Kraken Tattoo Over Leg. Circles, triangular shapes, geometric shapes, and cultural83 Mayan Tattoos for Men. A lot of Mayan art that inspires Owl Tattoo. The owl tattoo is a design that symbolizes wisdom, knowledge, prosperity and luck. You can feature a small owl in your sleeve or create a large unique piece on your arm, shoulder, chest or back. This artwork can be complemented by the moon, trees, branches, vivid colors in the eyes and detailed shading.Black’s usually the go-to color choice for these. It’s eye-catching whether as just an outline of the sun or fully filled-in. There are many places you can take this design. Discover symbols of freedom and unity with the top 50 best Filipino sun tattoo designs for men. Explore cool tribal ink ideas. The Most Popular Leg Tattoo Ideas. Leg sleeve tattoos are pretty po Explore a collection of bold and masculine leg tattoo ideas that are perfect for men. Discover unique designs and styles to showcase your individuality and express your personal style with confidence. 63 Mandala Tattoo Designs for Men. The mandala is one of th...
Continue Reading